The Constitutionality of a Line-Item Veto: A Comparison with Other Exercises of Executive Discretion Not to Spend

This comment will explore the grounds upon which the line item veto might be constitutionally upheld. Preliminary reference will be made to the express constitutional framework within which an item veto would operate. Examination of the constitutional provisions pertaining to Congress\u27s spending and general legislative powers and to the President\u27s counteractive veto power provides the necessary foundation. Of more genuine significance, however, are the actual tests of the executive versus legislative power balance posed by functional equivalents of the item veto. Analysis of executive/legislative interplay in the field of spending either by the Supreme Court, or, absent that, by Congress, evidences what in fact underlies a proper power balance. Only by comparing the line item veto, an issue which has never been addressed by either Congress or the Supreme Court, to functionally analogous exercises of executive discretion can a reasonable argument be made for the item veto\u27s constitutionality. Some of these functional equivalents, namely, certain impoundments and exercises of presidential budget allocation within congressional guidelines, have historically been either legislatively or judicially sanctioned. It is the premise of this comment that the constitutional justifications for these functionally similar exercises of executive power are indistinguishable from those for an item veto

Ceramics Collections: exploring object engagement beyond the known historic models of clay practice

This  practice-­‐based  research  examines  ceramics  collections  and  artistic  practice.  It  explicitly focuses on the exploration of object engagement beyond the historic models of clay practice and the uses of clay as a medium through which to examine cultural and museological challenges. It is centred on five artworks by the author made between 2006 and 2015 (Trophy, 2006,  Forever, 2010, Exchange, 2012, Piece  by  Piece,  2013,  Manifest: 10,000 hours, 2015). These employ advances in curatorial practice and theory that have informed the curation of ceramic artefacts held by museums seeking to reframe the relationship between material culture and clay culture, and the modes and  devices  of  how  ceramics  are  displayed.  These  five  exhibition  works  have  interrogated traditional understandings of ceramic collections in museums and their boundaries. These exhibitions, together with this commentary, constitute this PhD by publication. Ceramics, clay practice and craft are the context of these developmental works that have expanded thinking within the field. The thesis discusses the long-­‐term development of ceramic and craft practices  of  immersive  works  that  can  be  used  as  a tool to access our understanding of ceramic collections and trajectories. The research recognizes shifts in the contextual development of craft practice and in the literature developing alongside practice during a period  from  the  1960s  onwards. In  the contextual review the museum and the collections in focus are addressed in the contexts of audience engagement, participation and live works, and issues are raised in relation to time-­‐based works and shared authorships. The critical developments of clay practice  are  also  addressed  within  the  timeframe  of  each  section.  Each  of  the  five  artworks is outlined in terms of context, research and development. These works have addressed  the  main  question  of  how  ceramic  collections  may  be  animated  and  explored through the audience’s participation. Through ten years of research, experimentation  and  close  investigation,  these  questions  have  been slowly  and  carefully developed to test the boundaries of knowledge regarding arts and museum practices, encouraging a continued relationship with these concerns

A flight and wind tunnel investigation of the effect of angle-of-attack rate on maximum lift coefficient

Wind tunnel tests to determine effect of angle of attack on maximum lift at stall for half-wing models, and single engine, jet propelled aircraf

Relationship between teacher checklist, parent rating scale, and California Test of Personality in grades I, II, and III

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

The efficacy of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and their combination on functioning and quality of life in depression:a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: There is growing recognition of the importance of both functioning and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in the treatment of depressive disorders, but the meta-analytic evidence is scarce. The objective of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to determine the absolute and relative effects of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and their combination on functioning and QoL in patients with depression. METHOD: One hundred and fifty-three outcome trials involving 29 879 participants with depressive disorders were identified through database searches in Pubmed, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. RESULTS: Compared to control conditions, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy yielded small to moderate effect sizes for functioning and QoL, ranging from g = 0.31 to g = 0.43. When compared directly, initial analysis yielded no evidence that one of them was superior. After adjusting for publication bias, psychotherapy was more efficacious than pharmacotherapy (g = 0.21) for QoL. The combination of psychotherapy and medication performed significantly better for both outcomes compared to each treatment alone yielding small effect sizes (g = 0.32 to g = 0.39). Both interventions improved depression symptom severity more than functioning and QoL. CONCLUSION: Despite the small number of comparative trials for some of the analyses, this study reveals that combined treatment is superior, but psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy alone are also efficacious for improving functioning and QoL. The overall relatively modest effects suggest that future tailoring of therapies could be warranted to better meet the needs of individuals with functioning and QoL problems

Concurrent validity of a touchscreen application to detect early cognitive delay

OBJECTIVE: To explore the ability of an interactive screening tool to identify cognitive delay in children aged 18 to 24 months. DESIGN: Children were assessed using the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development-third edition (BSID-III) and a touchscreen measure of problem-solving (Babyscreen V.1.5). We examined the internal consistency and concurrent validity between the two measures. A BSID-III cognitive composite score (BSID-IIIcc) ≤1 SD below population mean was used to indicate a low average cognitive ability. RESULTS: 87 children with a mean (SD) age of 20.4 (1.3) months who experienced complications at delivery (n=53) and healthy age-matched controls (n=34) were included in the study. A moderate positive correlation between the BSID-IIIcc and the total number of tasks completed on the Babyscreen suggested reasonable concurrent validity (r=0.414, p90 (-1.08 (-1.5 to -0.46) vs 0.31 (-0.46 to 0.76); p=0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the prediction of a low normal BSID-IIIcc was 0.787 (CI 0.64 to 0.93). A BST z-score of <-0.44 yielded 82.4% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity in identifying children with cognitive delay. CONCLUSIONS: A touchscreen-based application has concurrent validity with the BSID-IIIcc and could be used to screen for cognitive delay at 18-24 months of age

Dairy Ingredients in Chocolate

End of Project ReportThe main objective was to assess and control the contribution of various ingredient components to chocolate behaviour and to optimise ingredients for specific chocolate applications. A key aim, therefore, was to understand the role of composition and particle structure and to produce spray dried powders with a functionality in chocolate as close as possible to roller dried powders. By demonstrating how the powder properties affect chocolate, it should be possible to control the functional properties of the powders to meet any powder or chocolate specification. Novel powder compositions indicated by this work should also be useful to chocolate makers. The ability to make chocolate under test conditions and to assess the role of milk powders or other ingredients has been put in place for the first time in Ireland. Previous knowledge of milk seasonality and of powder technology has provided a basis for understanding variations in milk powder functionality in chocolate. Spray dried powders with mean free fat values of 50 to 94%, particle sizes of 30 to 65 mm and vacuole volumes of 0.0 to 3.9 ml/100g were produced from milks of varying composition but under the same processing conditions. Advances were made in analysing powder structure through microscopy, particle size and occluded air measurement. Valuable new information has been generated on the changes in free fat, solid fat content, particle size and occluded air in powders. Explanations were provided for the first time for the complex effects of these properties on chocolate viscosity and yield value. This information will also make a positive contribution to other projects in the milk powder area. Good contacts have been established with multinational manufacturers and with producers of milk powder for chocolate.Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marin

Low-count Time Series Anomaly Detection

Low-count time series describe sparse or intermittent events, which are prevalent in large-scale online platforms that capture and monitor diverse data types. Several distinct challenges surface when modelling low-count time series, particularly low signal-to-noise ratios (when anomaly signatures are provably undetectable), and non-uniform performance (when average metrics are not representative of local behaviour). The time series anomaly detection community currently lacks explicit tooling and processes to model and reliably detect anomalies in these settings. We address this gap by introducing a novel generative procedure for creating benchmark datasets comprising of low-count time series with anomalous segments. Via a mixture of theoretical and empirical analysis, our work explains how widely-used algorithms struggle with the distribution overlap between normal and anomalous segments. In order to mitigate this shortcoming, we then leverage our findings to demonstrate how anomaly score smoothing consistently improves performance. The practical utility of our analysis and recommendation is validated on a real-world dataset containing sales data for retail stores.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, to be published in IEEE 2023 Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP

Investigation into the Ultrasonic Setting of Glass Ionomer Cements : Part II Setting Times and Compressive Strengths

The ultrasonic setting of glass ionomer cements (GIC) was discussed. It was observed that the ultrasonic setting resulted in improvements of compressive strength. An increase in the PAA molecular weight from PAA50 to PAA200 resulted in an increase in the strength, but with a further increase in the PAA molecular weight to PAA450, there was a reduction in the strength. Results show that the strength of the ultrasonically set materials after 1 day were close to the values for the 7 days chemically set samples